Salient features of indus valley civilization pdf

In the case of the harappan culture, these distinctive objects include seals, beads, weights, stone. She notes that the essential characteristics of indus valley urbanism, such as planned cities, complex fortifications, elaborate drainage systems. Gandhara civilization ancient history encyclopedia. Houses mounted on artificial platforms or upon the ruins in their endeavor to check the floods were shoddy in construction, older buildings were subdivided even. The social and economic life of the people of indus valley civilization harappan civilization was systematic and organised. Indus valley civilization part 1 upsc notes edurev. This civilisation is credited for building cities complete with. Describe the salient features of ancient egyptian civilization and provide an analysis of its development and fundamental political, religious, and social institutions. Discuss salient features of the indus valley civili. The history of india originates with the indus valley civilization and the coming of the aryans. E, the indus river valley underwent a large transformation, when the government started a movement to convert the population to buddhism. Discuss salient features of the indus valley civilization. Indus river basin food and agriculture organization. However, the initial hump suggests that it is a distributed scale invariant network with almost 3 strong nuclei and about 30 smaller nuclei.

Indus civilization, also called indus valley civilization or harappan civilization, the earliest known urban culture of the indian subcontinent. Together with ancient egypt and mesopotamia, it was one of three early civilisations of the near east and south asia, and of the three, the most widespread, its sites spanning an area stretching from. The ruins of a prehistoric civilization have been discovered at mohenjodaro sindh and harappa and, as the places lie in the valley of the river indus, it has been christened indus valley civilization. Describe the salient features of ancient egyptian civilization and provide an analysis of its. P r a a a p h v l d i h r a o a i r g h a r k i a h r indus valley sites dholavira, harappa, mohenjodaro, lothal, rakhigarhi answers. What were the important features of the harappa civilization. The abandonment of major indus cities has been roughly dated to about 1700 b. The indus valley civilization was an ancient civilization located in what is pakistan and northwest india today, on the fertile flood plain of the indus river and its vicinity. The indus valley civilization is the first known urban culture in india. Jun 06, 2018 discuss salient features of the indus valley civilization. One of the most remarkable features of the indus valley civilization is that the city was provided with an excellent closed drainage system. It extended from jammu in the north to the narmada estuary in the south, and from the makran coast of baluchistan in the west to. Indus valley civilization was the first major civilization in south asia, which spread across a vast area of land in presentday india and pakistan around 12 lakh sq.

Various researches have linked significantly the origin of indus valley civilization. The indian society mostly hindus 80% divided under the rigid caste system based on the ascriptive values, a system which has permeated even in other religions like islam as well. Archaeologists use the term culture for a group of objects, distinctive in style, that are usually found together within a specific geographical area and period of time. Each street was having a well organized drainage system. Give an appraisal of town planning of the indus cities and evaluate the various reasons for their decline. The indus valley civilisation is also called the harappan culture. It is only when we turn to the other aspects of culture that the indus civilization shows.

Isbn 9789231027192 the indus civilization diji cultural type that is widely spread as evidenced by the excavations at sarai kala, 12gumla, rahman dheri, 14 on the indus plain, near dera ismail khan, and several other placesinthepunjab. The system originated from the varna systems has created social stratification a major source of privileges and disabilities. The phrase top characteristics of civilization refers both to the features of societies that rose to greatness in mesopotamia, egypt, the indus valley, chinas yellow river, mesoamerica, the andes mountains in south america and others, as well as to the reasons or. The main objective of this article not to innovate new theories of the indus valley civilization, but to reexamine the all available data and write in a concise form for ease of understanding of. Vahia, yadav reconstructing the history of harappan civilization 29 indus valley close to mehrgarh but in a far away region of hakra basin in harappa around 3200 bc and seems to be an indigenous development. The time period of mature indus valley civilization is estimated between bc. Salient features of the harappan culture brainkart.

Here we give the ancient history study materials in the pdf format also. But early indus valley civilization had existed even before bc. Aegean area and greece, and in the indus valley by 2500 to 2000 b. The history of india begins with the birth of the indus valley civilization ivc, also known as harappan civilization. Indus people were the first to build planned cities with scientific drainage system. Farming settlements began around 4000 bce and around 3000 bce there appeared the first signs of urbanization. Sep 06, 2014 salient features of indus valley town planning grid pattern. The most prevalent name is inuds civilization the largest concentration of settlementalong the indus river valley. The raw material used for making tools was mainly quartzite and chert but quartz and basalt was also used. Society in the indus valley civilization is said to have comprised of three distinct social groups.

The harappan culture covered parts of punjab, sind, baluchistan, gujarat, rajasthan and the fringes of western uttar pradesh. The harappan culture covered parts of punjab, sind, baluchistan, gujarat, rajasthan and the. Aug 07, 2015 the history of ancient india is a glorious one. The only city in the indus valley civilization which does not have a citadel was chanhu daro, located some kilometers south of mohenjodaro. Features of the indus valley civilization indus valley. Gk, general studies, optional notes for upsc, ias, banking, civil services.

Indus valley civilization ancient history encyclopedia. May 04, 2011 then, lothal is different from other sites of indus valley civilization in terms of town planning that it has entry to the houses on the main street while in other sites have shown lateral entry. Distinction between indus civilization and vedic civilization. The climate in the indus plains is arid to semiarid. The indus civilization apparently evolved from the villages of neighbours or predecessors, using the mesopotamian model of irrigated agriculture with sufficient skill to reap the advantages of the spacious and fertile indus river valley while controlling the formidable annual flood that simultaneously fertilizes and destroys. One of the important aspects of the harappan civilization is its apparent. The indus river civilization dates back to 2300 1750 bc and had two main cities. Discuss the trade, cultural contacts and the extent of the indus civilization within and outside india and describe in detail any one of the indus sites within india.

Till then it was thought that south asia was first colonized by urban civilizations during the first millennium bce in the indogangetic plains by the people of the mahabharata. During the ancient period indus valley civilization used to be a secular society and. The following are the main features of the harappan civilization. References to meluhha in the mesopotamian literature does not occur after 1900 b. Discuss the trade, cultural contacts and the extents of the indus civilization within and outside india and describe in detail any one of the indus sites within india. Their town planning proves that they lived a highly civilized and developed life. The decline and the fall of the indus civilization was progressive and the city of mohenjodaro was already slowly dying before its ultimate end. Candidates can download the history study material pdf from the below links. Study of growth of the indus civilisation by network analysis initially it is a random network.

The four principal settlements so far excavated provide the material to reconstruct the cultural content of the civilization. How were indus valley and vedic civilizations different. Writing started to disappear, standardized weights and measures used for trade and taxation purposes fell out of use, the connection with the near east was interrupted, and some cities were gradually abandoned. Harappa, mohenjodaro and kalibangan each had its own citadel built on a high podium of mud brick. Many palaeolithic tool assemblages were found around tapti, godavari, bhima and krishna rivers. And early aryan society the geographic setting indian subcontinent to north. Excavations have been carried out at lothal gujarat in 1953 and a link has been established with the indus valley. Define a stateorganized society and describe four of its fundamental features. A society is an aggregation sum of all the human relations based on some common characteristics, tradition, norms and values. Although multiple major powers ruled over this area during that time, they all had in common great reverence for buddhism and the adoption of the indo greek artistic tradition which had developed in the region following. Social and economic life of indus valley civilization. Having obtained a secure foothold on the plain and mastered its more.

Social life continues in india from the indus valley civilization around 2500 bc to the present day. The indus river valley civilization, 33000 bce, also known as the. Oct 30, 20 decline of the indus valley civilization. Evidence of religious practices in this area date back approximately to 5500 bce. Abstract in this paper we summarize the available literature and recent discoveries on the productionand use ofmetals by peoples ofthe indusvalley,traditionofpakistan andwestern india. Salient features and major landmarks of ancient and medieval. The salient features of the indus valley civilization. The indus or harappan civilization was long forgotten till it was rediscovered in the late 19. The nuclear dates of the civilization appear to be about 25001700 bce, though the southern sites may have lasted later into the 2nd millennium bce. In this article we will discuss about the food, social dress, ornaments, house hold articles, amusements, trade, social class and structure, religion and funerary customs of the people of indus valley civilization. The salient features of the indus valley civilization history. Contract law uk essay, mera priya khel football in hindi essay. The indus or harappan culture arose in the northwestern part of the indian subcontinent. Causes of decline of the indus valley civilization introduction.

Salient features of the indian society ias exam portal. Before we learn more about the mehrgarh civilization i would like you all to know some of the technicalities used in archaeological. By 1800 bce, the indus valley civilization saw the beginning of their decline. In the lower plain december to february is the cold season and mean monthly temperatures vary from 14 to 20 c. Salient features and major landmarks of ancient and. Some of the salient features of the cities of the indus valley civilization are as follows. Each city in the indus valley was surrounded by massive walls and. All soak pits and drains were occasionally cleaned by workmen. The for mation of these two prominent religions in this region proves how important religion was in the indus river valley civilization. Mean monthly table 1 country areas in the indus river basin basin area km2 % of southeast asia countries included area of country in basin km2 as % of total area of the basin. It is called harappan civilisation because this was discovered first in 1921 at the modern site of harappa, situated.

Describe, and evaluate the limitations of, three multicausal theories of the origins of the stateorganized society. Harappa and mohenjo dero were laid out on a grid pattern and had provisions for an advanced drainage system. Majority of the sites developed on the banks of river indus, ghaggar and its tributaries. A remarkable feature of the rediscovering harappa special exhibition is that it. Socio, cultural contribution of mauryas, guptas, pallavas, chalukyas, cholas art and architecture harsha and the rajput age. Reconstructing the history of harappan civilization. The indus valley civilization occupies a huge area.

The indus valley civilisation ivc was a bronze age civilisation in the northwestern regions of south asia, lasting from 3300 bce to 0 bce, and in its mature form from 2600 bce to 1900 bce. Aug 29, 2019 the phrase top characteristics of civilization refers both to the features of societies that rose to greatness in mesopotamia, egypt, the indus valley, chinas yellow river, mesoamerica, the andes mountains in south america and others, as well as to the reasons or explanations for the rise of those cultures. Indus valley civilisation ancient history cgl,ssc chsl. Once they become large, they evolved into scale invariant behaviour. Based on these broad classifications, let us look at two major civilizations of. Prehistory and indus valley 5 and brahmaputra because raw material may not be available in these plains to make tools. In this we have given ancient history study materials for all competitive exams like upsc, ssc, rrb and all state government exams like hppsc, appsc, mppsc, tnpsc, tspsc, rpsc, opsc etc. The indus civilization represents the earliest manifestation of urban development in the plains of the indus valley and its extension along the arabian seacoast. Essay on salient features of indus valley civilization. History, archaeology and the indus civilisation pdf.

Personal essay for ivy league maa essay in hindi for class 10 civilization features indus salient valley of essay on, discussion essay introduction example. Mention important places from where relics of civilization have been recovered so far. Mehrgarh is located near the bolan pass, to the west of the indus river valley and between the now pakistani cities of quetta, kalat and sibi i. Following a tradition in archaeology, the civilisation is sometimes referred to as the harappan, after its type site, harappa, the first site to be excavated in the 1920s. Indus valley civilization extended from sutkagendor on the makran coast about 500 km west to karachi now in pakisan to alamgirpur on the hindon, near delhi and from manda in jammu to daimabad in maharashtra. The indus valley civilisation is named after the indus river system in whose alluvial plains the early sites of the civilisation were identified and excavated. Arabian sea northern plain of indus, ganges rivers southern deccan high plateau, extremely dry bordered on east and west by mountains separated from north by river, low. This elaborate drainage system shows that the indus valley people were fully conversant with the principles of health and sanitation. In every house there was a wellconstructed sink, and water flowed from the sink into the underground sewers in the streets. The indus civilizationits origins, nature and decline. The indus valley civilisation ivc was a bronze age civilisation in the northwestern regions of. Apr 09, 20 during the period 2500 bce 2000 bce there has been a migration towards harappa and mohenjodaro and also to nausharo which is 6 km south of mehrgarh in the wake of indus valley civilization. The gandhara civilization existed in what is now northern pakistan and afghanistan from the middle of the 1st millennium bce to the beginning of the 2nd millennium ce. These two periods are generally defined as the prevedic and vedic periods.

Indus valley civilisation read this article to learn about the origin, evolution, and characteristic of the indus valley civilisation. M338 2008 934dc22 2007025308 1211100908 12345678910. Salient features of indian society india is a vast country and its society is highly evolved. Indus valley civilization also known as harappan civilization was the first major civilization in south asia, which spread across a vast area of land in presentday india and pakistan around 12 lakh sq. Understanding ancient civilizations series includes bibliographical references and index. Indus river valley characteristics of ancient civilizations. Civilization can be studied based on the salient features of its periodicity, societal arrangement, cultural representation, political aspirations, religious beliefs and rise or decline. Salient features and major landmarks of ancient and medieval india for rasrts mains and rasrts prelims examination. Indus river valley civilizations article khan academy.